What is soap? Soap is a substance which, for cleaning and, if a chemical reaction between lye (sodium hydroxide) and fat.
Soap its name from the Romans on “Mount Sapo”, a popular place for the animal victims, she discovered. Mixed animal fat rain delay (cattle tallow) with wood burning and noise on a chemical reaction occurred. Women, on the banks of the Tiber, discovers that she washed the clothes of this substance have been cleaned and much cleaner with much less effort.
In the case of soap, there are ingredients that are necessary for this process. Let’s take a look at it.
Fats – oils are animal fat or vegetable. Animal fats are the fats of bovine origin (of course, is just less and less animals most commonly used today). Vegetable oils, mostly for soap are olive, coconut, cocoa and palm oil.
Laundry – (sodium hydroxide) or another name, of sodium hydroxide. Washing with water, to respond actively.
Water – The best soap to water is distilled water. Hard water contains minerals and salts from this chemical reaction. It is always recommended, a recipe and measuring water and laundry. Not enough water can have the effect of hard soap dry, and too much water can lead to a mild soap.
Essential oils and herbs – essential oils to scent your soap. In some cases, the skin and breaks man soap without perfume. If the herbs with the color of the soap to add, change the texture and qualities for relaxation and healing of the skin. Some herbs like exfoliate.
Tools – stainless steel pot (not aluminum!), 2 wooden spoons, large glass of the mouth (at least 2 liters), a thermometer that reads between 80′F – 110′F, footwear or cardboard of this size, slides, goggles and rubber gloves. Avoid using these tools to eat, they spend only for the soap. In addition, they own separate kitchen, dishwasher.
First Step – The solution of laundry
This step requires foresight. The goggles and rubber gloves is a must. To avoid inhaling fumes laundry, it is the best on the outside, to do so. Start waiting for the washing with distilled water under Neutralize carefully. You shoul not in hot water at first, because the laundry is warming to his own reaction to contact with cold water and it is desirable for this resolution, to cook. In addition, do not do the opposite of water washing, as this may lead to the explosion. If a thin layer of white crust on the bottom of the glass, agitation easy, all the laundry is water.
Step Two – Melting Fat
Fonte, oils (fats) in a stainless steel pot, and only if melted, begin adding olive oil while continuing to stir well.
Step Three – Mix a solution of lye fat
With glasses and rubber gloves, the temperature of the lye solution and oils. If the oil temperature is high, you can immerse the pot in a sink of cold water on something cool temperature. Some soap makers suggest that the temperature of the two substances should be distinguished, 100′F – 110′F. We recommend measuring between 95′F – 98′F. If the two substances at the same temperature, slowly pour the lye solution in oil. Patient Stir until the substances are mixed (This may take some time. Patience is at this stage).
Fourth Step – Add flavors, colors and herbs
It’s perfumes, dyes or herbs in the mixture. Simply follow the amounts in your recipe. There is no specific amount of time stirring time, it may be five to forty minutes. Stir until “trace”. Trace-say, when you use the spoon and are able to adapt to the surface of drops of the spoon. The success of the track, you need the drops for a few seconds before they disappear into the mixture. The mixture should be as thick as pudding.
Fifth stage – saponification
Pour the mixture into a sheet Box or a shoebox. Cover the box with the lid and cover with a blanket. It is very important not to disturb, until the mixture is saponification. At this stage, the substance of a mixture of solid soap. It is for 18-48 hours, when it releases heat.
Sixth step – upgrading Soap
Upon saponification, remove the cover and the ceiling, and set it aside for more than 12 hours. The cost of scented soap and is now ready to start the tool. If a thin layer of oil and a white crust, which looks like chalk, it indicates that you have reached a good party. If you have a layer, separately large, wrap it and throw away, because this part has failed. With rubber gloves, cut the soap into bars, or form, as they sound. You can also forms cookies or stamp Cutter. Be sure to hand soap to heal still two to three weeks. The soap is then ready for use.
